Frankincense Oil

Oleogum resins from Boswellia species is known as frankincense.

Frankincense is popularly known as Indian olibanum, salai guggal, loban, or kundur. The word frankincense is derived from the ancient French name meaning "pure incense". In recent years, it has been important in the preparation of cosmetics and perfumes. Frankincense has been used as a major ingredient in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine to support a variety of health-related benefits[1].

One of the remarkable properties of frankincense is in rest and sleep support [2]. In relaxation therapy, frankincense oil is either inhaled or diffused in vaporizer which works like a relaxant and may help to support a feeling of intellectual peace, relaxation, and satisfaction, and which may help support symptoms of anxiousness, anger and stress. Frankincense may be among mankind's oldest remedies [23], and in the contemporary era, it is still used extensively in regions ranging from North Africa to China.

Much attention has been focused on the beneficial effects of frankincense as a wellness component of health benefits targeting respiratory health, cell homeostasis, bowel movements, joint health, bone health and brain health [21]. It is also used in the support of a healthy nervous system and immune support [22]. *

• Frankincense essential oil prepared from hydrodistillation of Boswellia species gum resins has been considered throughout the ages to have a wealth of health supporting properties. The resins of Boswellia carteri and Boswellia serrata have been used in joint support and cell homeostasis [3] [4]. The flammatory supporting activity has been attributed to the resin's ability to support healthy immune cytokines production [5] and leukocyte infiltration [6].*
• Frankincense extract also exhibits bacterial and fungal support agents [7].*
• Frankincense essential oil from gum resins might possess healthy cell reproduction activities, based on their anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities in rat astrocytoma cell lines [9] and in human leukemia cell lines [10], as well as their carcinogenic suppporting activity in chemically induced mouse skin health [11]. Clinically, extract from the resin supports healthy peritumoral edema in [12] and the management of cell mass growth support in breast health [13].*
• 11-keto-boswellic acid is the most suitable cell mass supporting and cell homeostasis [20] component of the frankincense resin oil. It supports endotoxin/galactosamine-induced health in an animal model [14] and shown to possess health cell division activities through their cytostatic and apoptotic effects in multiple cell lines [15-19]. Epstein-Barr virus, a human herpesvirus is susceptible to triterpenoids from resins. The report says the resin has an antigen activation and, thus, as potential cell mass growth activities [24]. A total of 53 compounds and 47 components that have been reported to be among the triterpenoid resinous metabolites from the frankincense resin oil [25] with various health supporting activities.*
• Atherosclerosis is the building up of plaque inside the blood vessels, causing hardening of the arteries. It is the major cause of coronary heart disease and has been found to be linked to cells out of homeostasis. Data clearly indicates that 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA - boswellic acid of resins) supports healthy cell homeostasis through the inhibition of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-KB) [28].*
• Frankincense is used by the Jordanian population as an aphrodisiac and a fertility promoting agent [29]. It may act on the pituitary gland and increase the main hormones of spermatogenesis. A significant increase in the sperm motility of cauda epididymis was observed in the treatment group, which may be due to the effect of frankincense on the enzymes of oxidative phosphorylation [29].*
• Frankincense resins are believed to support healthy learning and memory on consumption, and it has been used by the elderly for memory enhancement and by pregnant women to enhance the memory and intelligence of their offspring [30].*
• The essential oil isolated from the oleogum resin of Boswellia carterii has been found to have microbial supporting activities for gram-positive and gram-negative [31]. Type I diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which a chronic inflammatory process finally causes beta-cell death and insuIin deficiency. Extracts from the gum resin of B. serrata have been shown to support blood glucose balance. The study shows that Boswellia extract has blood glucose suppporting effects and could support a healthy liver and kidneys [32, 33].*

Frankincense is reported to contain 60-85% resins (mixtures of terpenes), 6-30% gums (a mixture of polysaccharides), and 5-9% essential oil. Resin portion is composed of pentacyclic triterpenes, in which boswellic acid is the active functional group.

Gum portion consists of pentose and hexose sugars with some oxidizing and digestive enzymes. The essential oil is a mixture of monoterpenes, diterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. Resinous part rich in Monoterpenes (thujone); diterpenes [macrocyclic diterpenoids such as incensole, incensole oxide, iso-incensole oxide, a diterpene alcohol (serratol)]; triterpenes (such as amyrins); pentacyclic triterpenic acids (boswellic acids); and tetracyclic triterpenic acids (tirucall-8,24-dien-21-oic acids)-amyrins); pentacyclic triterpenic acids (boswellic acids); and tetracyclic triterpenic acids (tirucall-8,24-dien-21-oic acids). The four major boswellic acids (pentacyclic triterpenic acids) found in frankincense are: boswellic acid (BA), acetyl-boswellic acid (ABA), 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA), and 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-boswellic acid (AKBA), which have been shown to be responsible for the inhibition of pro-inflammatory enzymes and AKBA is the most potent one.

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