Safed Musli

Safed Musli is a highly valued medicinal plant in India and it is considered as "White gold" in Indian system of Ayurveda.

Safed Musli is a tuberous root of the monocotyledonous plant, possesses immunomodulatory, adaptogenic, aphrodisiac and diuretic properties due to the presence of steroidaI saponins [1]. Because of its medicinal properties and diversified uses, there is demand for Safed Musli all over the world. Many countries in Gulf, Europe, and USA have been major importers of the dry roots of Safed Musli for preparation of various herbal products in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. *

Safed Musli has been reported to possess a number of biological activities including microbial support, healthy optimal uninflamed support, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, stress support and blood sugar management [2]. *

Safed Musli constitutes an important class of ayurvedic herbs which are known as Rasayana, that is, herbs with immunostimulatory and adaptogenic properties. "Rasayana" therapy is a specialized measure in Ayurveda that deals with the proper modulation of the neuro-endocrine-immunological system. Rasayana therapy aims to boost and nourish the body to balance the bodily functions and counteract the aging process by bringing homeostasis, which is a balance between the various bodily humors (viz. the Vata, the Pitta and the Kapha). Evidence collected on various Rasayana herbs signifies their utility as immunomodulators with low toxicity [11]. *

Traditionally, C. borivilianum root has been used to support optimal male function and erection support [3]. Oral administration of 250 mg/kg/day of C. borivilianum root aqueous extract may boost sperm count and 200 mg/kg/day provides support in blood sugar related sexual function by improving the high-frequency mounting, intromission, and ejaculation [4, 5]. Henceforth, C. borivilianum is being promoted as herbal V**gra. *

Oxidative stress-induced sperm damage has been suggested as an important pathological mechanism underlying male infertility. Higher sperm count, percentages of sperm forward motility, viability and hypo-osmotic swelling tail-coiled with a lower percentage of abnormal sperm were observed following C. borivilianum root extract treatment [6]. Safed Musli saponins are used in the industrial production of male hormones, corticosteroids, and stero*d derivatives. The roots are used in the Indian system of medicine for the support of energy and libido [9]. *

C. borivilianum is a remarkable herb for the support of joint health [7]. *

Stero*dal and triterpene saponins of C. borivilianum generally were shown to exhibit antioxidant and support of healthy cell production. The crude extract of C. borivilianum showed strong activity and selectivity activity for breast, prostate and colon health [8]. *

Safed Musli has been described in ancient Indian literature such as Bhavaprakash nighantu, Rasendra Sarsangrah, Raja Ballabh Nighantu as `Vajikaran' or aphrodisiac which is a special type of immunomodulatory [10]. Thakur et al., 2006 in his study affirm that C. borivilianum root extract is an effective immunostimulatory principle. Immunostimulant activity of the extract was more pronounced because of saponins [11]. *

C. borivilianum, is a rich source of oligo- and polysaccharides and it is traditionally regarded as a support for healthy aging, life span, cognitive function and boosts physical strength [2]. *

In a paper by Pannakal et al., 2017, the authors reported that polysaccharide from C. borivilanum in the model organisms S. cerevisiae and C. elegans substantiated its age delaying activity as described in traditional Indian medicine. Their work on in vitro data on skin cells and human reconstructed epidermis suggests that C. borivilanum might also have some benefits on the aged skin [12]. *

Impaired sleep quality is common within the industrialized societies, as evidenced by the increasing number of prescription sleep aids available. Certain herbal preparations have been suggested to provide a natural benefit for sleep; however, limited controlled data are available documenting this benefit. Data from the study suggests that an investigatory supplement containing a combination of Chlorophytum borivilianum and Mucuna pruriens (Velvet bean) supports healthy sleep quality in a sample of otherwise healthy men and women who report difficulty sleeping [13]. A combination of these two ingredients may stimulate an increase in growth factors output during a two-hour period post ingestion [14]. *

Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major risk factors that precipitate coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. A study proved that saponins could be important in healthy cholesterol levels. A significant decline in plasma LDL-cholesterol along with increased bile acid production could be due to the saponin content [15]. Rajesh et al., 2007, evaluated the antimicrobial activity of Chlorophytum borivilianum used in Ayurveda and traditional medicinal system for support of manifestations caused by microorganisms. It showed support of healthy bacterial growth particularly against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. [16] *

In addition, they are also used as cardiac and brain tonic [9]. *

Major phytochemical components reported from the roots of C. borivilianum include steroidal saponins (neohecogenin, neotigogenin, stigmasterol, tokorogenin), fructans and fructoligosaccharides (FOS), acetylated mannans, and phenolic compounds. It is also a rich source of over 25 alkaloids, vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phenol, resins, mucilage, and polysaccharides and also contains high quantity of simple sugars, mainly sucrose, glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose and xylose.

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